Challenges and Prospects for Estimating Joint Effects of Gun Policies

James P. Murphy, Andrew R. Morral

ResearchPublished Mar 9, 2026

Studying the combined effects of multiple gun policies can be difficult because of data and measurement challenges. The authors of this report examine the assumptions and challenges of contemporary approaches and suggest paths toward better research practices.

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Murphy, James P. and Andrew R. Morral, Challenges and Prospects for Estimating Joint Effects of Gun Policies. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2026. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA4360-1.html.
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This work was funded by Arnold Ventures and conducted in the Infrastructure and Justice Program of RAND Education, Employment, and Infrastructure.

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