Value-Added Modeling 101

Using Student Test Scores to Help Measure Teaching Effectiveness

Isaac M. Opper

ResearchPublished Dec 4, 2019

The author discusses the use of value-added models (VAMs) to estimate teacher contribution to student progress, account for students' prior characteristics, and enable relative judgments, as well as the limitations of VAMs.

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Opper, Isaac M., Value-Added Modeling 101: Using Student Test Scores to Help Measure Teaching Effectiveness. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2019. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4312z1.html.
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This publication supersedes a previous version published in 2012 (CP-693/4 (09/12)).