Cross-cutting Technologies in Chinese Space Activities

This Hybrid CoE Paper addresses China's use of cross-cutting technologies as part of hybrid threats in space and emanating from space. First, an understanding of Chinese strategy and doctrine is important to characterize activities across domains, including information operations. Next, the Paper assesses cross-cutting technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), quantum technologies, and advances in hardware, as well as the associated risks (e.g., escalation), including to Chinese systems themselves. Finally, the Paper examines the implications for NATO and EU member states across domains in the event of hybrid threats to their space capabilities.