@font-face{font-family:"noto-naskh";font-weight:400 700;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/fonts/arabic-noto-naskh.woff2)}@font-face{font-family:"ibm-plex-sans";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/fonts/arabic-ibm-plex-sans-400.woff2)}@font-face{font-family:"ibm-plex-sans";font-weight:500;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/fonts/arabic-ibm-plex-sans-500.woff2)}@font-face{font-family:"ibm-plex-sans";font-weight:600;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/fonts/arabic-ibm-plex-sans-600.woff2)}@font-face{font-family:"ibm-plex-sans";font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:fallback;src:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/fonts/arabic-ibm-plex-sans-700.woff2)}:root{--noto-naskh: "noto-naskh", serif;--ibm-plex-sans: "ibm-plex-sans", sans-serif}body{unicode-bidi:embed;font-family:var(--noto-naskh)}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.c1,.c2,.c3,.c4,.c5,.c6,.d2,legend{font-family:var(--ibm-plex-sans)}.en{font-family:var(--suisse);direction:ltr}td,th{text-align:right}.teasers .multimedia:has(img) .time,.teasers .multimedia:has(img) .num-items{left:1.25rem;right:auto}.numbers .heading::before{margin:0 0 0 .5rem}a.text-left{display:block}.breadcrumbs li::after{content:"\\";padding:0;margin-left:.3125rem}.simple-header .flex-wrap{flex-direction:row-reverse}@media(width < 60.5rem){.simple-header .nav-toggle.corp{display:flex}}.arabic-nav{position:relative;width:100vw;left:50%;right:50%;margin-inline:-50vw;padding-inline:calc(50vw - 50%);font-family:var(--ibm-plex-sans);background:#e0ded7}.arabic-nav ul{list-style:none}.arabic-nav ul ::marker{content:none}.arabic-nav li{padding-left:0}.arabic-nav a{text-decoration:none}.arabic-nav a:hover,.arabic-nav a:focus{text-decoration:underline}.arabic-nav .top-level-ul{display:flex;padding:0;margin:0}.arabic-nav .top-level-li{padding:0;display:flex}@media(width >= 64rem){.arabic-nav .top-level-li:first-child .top-level-a{padding-right:0}}.arabic-nav .top-level-a{color:inherit;font-weight:bold;border-left:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0);border-right:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0);display:flex;padding:.5rem 1rem}.arabic-nav .current .top-level-a{color:var(--purple)}.arabic-nav .english{margin-right:auto;font-family:var(--monument);direction:ltr}.arabic-nav .icon-globe{align-items:baseline}.arabic-nav .icon-globe::before{content:"";display:inline-block;height:1rem;width:1rem;background:no-repeat url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/icons/globe-black70.8b5ded5.svg);margin-right:.25rem}@media(width >= 64rem){.arabic-nav .icon-globe{padding-left:0}}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown{position:relative}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown .top-level-a{padding:.5rem 1rem .5rem 1.5rem;width:100%}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown .top-level-a::before{position:absolute;top:43%;left:.75rem;content:"";display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;border:solid .25rem;border-color:currentColor rgba(0,0,0,0) rgba(0,0,0,0) rgba(0,0,0,0)}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown:hover .dropdown,.arabic-nav .hasDropdown.open .dropdown{opacity:1;pointer-events:all}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown:hover .top-level-a,.arabic-nav .hasDropdown.open .top-level-a{color:var(--purple)}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown:hover .top-level-a::before,.arabic-nav .hasDropdown.open .top-level-a::before{display:none}.arabic-nav .abbr-text{display:none}@media(width < 60.5rem){.arabic-nav{display:grid;grid-template-rows:0fr;transition:grid-template-columns .2s ease-out}.arabic-nav .top-level-ul{overflow:hidden;margin:0;display:block}.arabic-nav.open{grid-template-rows:1fr}.arabic-nav .top-level-li{margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--black30)}.arabic-nav .english .top-level-a{display:block}.arabic-nav .abbr-text{display:inline}.arabic-nav .verbose-text{display:none}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown .top-level-a::before{display:none}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown:hover .dropdown,.arabic-nav .hasDropdown.open .dropdown{opacity:0;pointer-events:none}.arabic-nav .hasDropdown:hover .top-level-a,.arabic-nav .hasDropdown.open .top-level-a{color:var(--purple);background:none;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)}}.arabic-nav .dropdown{position:absolute;top:2.5rem;right:0;z-index:1000;width:32rem;background:#e0ded7;transition:opacity 0s;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;padding:1.5rem}.arabic-nav .dropdown.dd-publications{width:60rem}@media(width < 72.625rem){.arabic-nav .dropdown{right:-11.625rem}}.arabic-nav .dropdown-flex{display:flex}.arabic-nav .dropdown-flex::after{content:"";background:var(--black30);width:.0625rem}.arabic-nav .dropdown-info{flex:0 0 19rem}.arabic-nav .dropdown-links{flex:1 1 auto;margin-right:1rem;order:1}.arabic-nav .dropdown-button{background:var(--blue130);color:#fff;border-radius:5px;padding:.5rem 1.5rem;line-height:1}.access{left:auto;right:-999rem}.skip-links a:focus{right:0;left:auto}.arabic-footer{position:relative;padding:0 1.25rem}.arabic-footer .footer-flex{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}@media(width < 50rem){.arabic-footer .footer-flex{flex-direction:column}}.arabic-footer .footer-about{flex-shrink:1;padding-left:3rem;width:44rem;max-width:100%}.arabic-footer .footer-about-heading{margin:1.25rem 0 0}.arabic-footer .footer-follow{flex-shrink:0}.arabic-footer .footer-follow-heading{font-size:1.25rem;margin:1.25rem 0 .75rem}.arabic-footer .newsletter-subscription-box .text{display:none}.arabic-footer .follow-rand ul{list-style:none;display:flex;margin:0}.arabic-footer .follow-rand ul ::marker{content:none}.arabic-footer .follow-rand li{padding-left:.75rem}.arabic-footer .follow-rand a::before{content:"";display:block;height:2rem;width:2rem;background:no-repeat url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/icons/facebook.8b5ded5.svg)}.arabic-footer .follow-rand .twitter::before{background-image:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/icons/twitter.8b5ded5.svg)}.arabic-footer .follow-rand .linkedin::before{background-image:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/icons/linkedin.8b5ded5.svg)}.arabic-footer .follow-rand .youtube::before{background-image:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/icons/youtube.8b5ded5.svg)}.arabic-footer .follow-rand .instagram::before{background-image:url(https://www.rand.org/etc/rand/designs/common/icons/instagram.8b5ded5.svg)}