Are We Prepared for the Opening of the Central Arctic Ocean?

Published Oct 15, 2025

RAND researchers have explored how global actors may leverage new maritime access in the Central Arctic Ocean for economic, political, and military purposes. They summarize current and potential future maritime uses of the ocean by Arctic states and other actors and describe how these changes could occur in a scenario playing out over four successive phases of ice decline.

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Are We Prepared for the Opening of the Central Arctic Ocean? Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2025. https://www.rand.org/pubs/corporate_pubs/CPA3323-1.html.
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