Can France Overcome Its Own Nuclear Doctrine?

Commentary

May 28, 2025

UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer walks with French President Emmanuel Macron to meet Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, Ukraine, May 10, 2025

UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer walks with French President Emmanuel Macron to meet Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, Ukraine, May 10, 2025

Photo by Simon Dawson/No 10 Downing Street/CC BY 2.0

By Paul Cormarie and Florian Galleri

This commentary was originally published by War on the Rocks on May 28, 2025.

In a recent interview broadcast live on French television, President Emmanuel Macron declared:

Ever since there has been a nuclear doctrine since Charles de Gaulle, there has been a European dimension of [France's] vital interests. I have remained ambiguous on what those vital interests are, just like all my predecessors. Yet, in today's context, I wish to engage with all partners that are interested, and see if we can go further. Though under some conditions, France will not pay for others' security, it will not subtract from any security meant for France, and only the French President would decide of its use.

But when asked whether he would be willing to accept the additional risk of defending allies, the president deflected on the strategic environment and denied that those were questions seriously being considered, keeping with the tradition of strategic ambiguity. “Would France trade Paris for Helsinki?” is a recurring question lately. Unlike the United Kingdom, whose nuclear capability already contributes to NATO's overall capabilities for deterrence and defense, France's arsenal plays a separate role in the eyes of both NATO and potential adversaries.…

The remainder of this commentary is available at warontherocks.com.

More About This Commentary

Paul Cormarie is a policy analyst at nonprofit, nonpartisan RAND. He is a nonresident fellow at West Point's Modern War Institute and a former Center for Strategic and International Studies nuclear scholar. Florian Galleri is an incoming Stanton postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and holds a Ph.D. in French modern history from Nantes University (France).

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